|
Post by Romania on Feb 24, 2010 23:30:08 GMT -6
DACINA DRACUL -ROMANIA-
" No one is as capable of gratitude as one who has emerged from the kingdom of night."
Name: Dacina Dracul Origin: Romania Gender: Female Orientation: Bisexual(Prefers Men) Religion: Eastern Orthodox Birthday: ... Age: Twenty Seven
Personality: Hard around the edges has been used to describe Dacina for quiet some time now. She isn't your typical woman, one who stands idly by and allows men to do anything and everything for her. She has always been forced to get her hands dirty and she isn't afraid to continue to do this. Of course there are sometimes when Dacina can and will appear lady like, though this is very often hidden by the fact that she tends to wear clothing that is tight and shows off her curves.
Sensual, seductive and manipulative, Dacina has made a few personal enemies. Though she may not be at war with any of them, she wouldn't mind getting rid of them either. She has had a very long term fighting relationship with Russia, which consisted of him invading her, controlling her until she managed to fight her way free. Though that didn't help her adopted son, Moldova who ended up in his control as well. She has seen Ivan's true nature and will not believe nor fall for his childlike innocence. It even annoys her when people speak of him as not truly bad, or not as bad as he once was. Hardly anyone changes their true colors.
There was a time when Romania was controlled by the Ottoman Empire and during this time, the sensual and seductive female, now turned vampire thanks to her dear father, had perhaps fallen in love. She does love and care deeply for Sadiq even know, though he does not control her. Of course she has a bit of a competition for his full heart coming from the 'desert rat'. Their 'feud' for him has lasted quiet a long time, with only Romania being one to have ever caused a casualty. They get along a bit better now, since Dacina doesn't exactly try to have Sadiq all to herself all the time. She knows that Gupta lives closer to Sadiq then she ever will and though it does bother her, she has to live with it.
Of course she is a bit of a sexual being and because of that, she does tend to stray from not being entirely faithful to Sadiq, but she bases that on the fact that he isn't entirely faithful to her either. She has a bit of a relationship with Prussia, who was and is a very good friend of hers, a confidante of sorts. When they were both placed into the control of Russia after World War Two, she took on a protective role of her friend, knowing that Russia couldn't truly hurt her, he could do what he wanted but, it wouldn't show as well. Of course this was also out of not wanting to see her other friend, Prussia's brother, Germany with a depressed face. She cares for both of them deeply, actually having a son by each though a relationship with Ludwig is never going to happen.
Appearance: Look at the picture, will update this later.
Relationships: Sadiq AdnanTurkey: Perhaps the one man who ever was able to tame down this vixen. Truthfully she doesn’t know how or when she fell in love with Sadiq, though it was probably during her stay with him as the Ottoman Empire. Though if it was love at first sight, she truly doesn’t know, though they did have an encounter when she had been younger and he had been as well, but its best not to get into that right now.
Dorianus DraculWallachia: The eldest of Romania’s children. She cares for Wallachia, but does not baby him as she does, or rather did, Transylvania. Wallachia was a teenager when she was taken by/with the Ottoman Empire. She knows his true dislike for the man she is in love with, but she cannot find anyway to get him to like the man.
Nicholas DraculTransylvania: Romania cares for her dear Transylvania, as he is close to her youngest child. Nicholas had been taken from her by Hungary. She has Transylvania back and she tends to keep her eye on him.
Elizabeta HerdervaryHungary: There has been tension between Hungary and Romania for many, many years. Romania cannot seem to help but look down upon the other woman. She says that the reason for this was because as a child, Hungary allowed it to be thought she was male, never truly embracing her true sex and using it to her advantage. It didn’t help that Hungary stole, at least in her eyes, Transylvania from her to try and raise him. The tensions are still high to this day, though the governments try to get them along.
Iona IonescuMoldova: Dacina has always had a very close relationship with this young woman, even if she is not her true daughter. She cares for the young girl and wants to make sure she is taken care of. It does hurt her a bit that Iona will not come back and join her until she can get back on her feet again, but that is Iona's choice and she wants to make sure that she is as taken care of as she can be. She does her best to keep her vampiric side out of sight when Iona is around, knowing the girl holds the superstitions that she herself use to hold.
Likes:
+Sword Fighting +Wood Carving +Folk Music +Folk Dancing +Roman like Architecture +Food +Wine +Rock Music(Heavy Metal and Punk) +Oina(Like Baseball, slightly) +Mythology +Philosophy +Turkey +Sex Dislikes: -Russia -Egypt -Being Invaded -Being asked if she drinks blood -England’s Cooking -France’s Cooking -Pop Music -Fairies(The dust get’s in her eyes)
History: Beginning with the 10th century, documents of Slavic, Byzantine, Hungarian and Latin sources bear witness to the existence of state formations throughout present Romania's territory. These formations were known as dukedoms, knezdoms and voivodeships, commonly termed by the people as "tari" (terrae)=lands, countries. The first were recorded in Transylvania and Dobrudja, and then in the lands east and south of the Carpathians.
The Transylvanian state formations reached a relatively high level of political and military organisation, putting up a long resistance to the military pressure of the Hungarians between the 9th-11th centuries. In the end, they had to give in and formed one single voievodeship, Transylvania, under Hungarian leadership. However, some of its areas continued to have local autonomy. By the end of the 11th century and most of the 12th century, Transylvania gradually fell under Hungarian domination; yet, it preserved its own organisation, being ruled by a voivode - a specifically Romanian form of government generalised all over Transylvania until the l6th century, when this status was changed into that of a prince. In order to secure the defence of their frontiers against the inroads made by some populations (Petchenegs, Cumans and especially the Tartars), the Hungarian kings encouraged other ethnic groups of people to settle in Transylvania. This process began in the mid-12th century, when groups of Szeklers (a population mix of steppe migrants, who had followed the Hungarians on their way to Europe), and of Saxons (from Flanders, Luxembourg, the Mosel and the Rhine regions, as well as from Saxony) were brought in.
The changes that took place in Europe in the l4th century, alongside the weakening of the more than one-hundred-year-old Golden Horde, gripped the Romanian lands that lay south and east i.e. Wallachia and Moldavia. The leading Romanian circles from Transylvania, then in conflict with the Hungarian Crown because of the latter's intentions to dissolve the local autonomies, contributed to the process of unification unfolded across the mountains. As people kept crossing the mountains, a new demographic inflow and further political experience were brought to the south-and east-Carpathian leaders.
The economic exchanges, the development of boroughs and of towns linked through transit trade routes with the commercial world abroad offered a good chance to the Romanian political formations to place their unification projects on a viable basis. Once their independence from the Hungarian Crown had been won in battle, the Romanian Principalities - South and East of the Carpathians began to play an increasingly important political, military and cultural role in South-Eastern and Central Europe. The founders of the independent Romanian states were voivodes Basarab I (1324-1352) in Wallachia, and Bogdan I (1359-1365) in Moldavia.
The battles waged by voivodes Mircea the Old - Mircea cel Batrân (1386-1418), Dracula - Vlad Tepes (1456-1462) and Stephen the Great - Stefan cel Mare (1457-1504) against the Ottoman Empire enabled Wallachia and Moldavia to preserve their state independence. In the l5th century, Cetatea Dambovitei (Bucharest), an important commercial centre on the trade route to Constantinople, was founded. In the l6th century, the two principalities were obliged to submit to the Ottoman Empire's control through Charters called "Capitulatii" (Capitulations). The Romanian Principalities preserved their state entity, their own political, military and administrative structures, laws and social organization, but they had to pay the sultan an annual tribute; the Romanian countries maintained their autonomy and avoided a massive settlement of Muslims on their territories.
After the battle of Mohacs (Hungary) in 1526, and the fall of the Hungarian Kingdom, Transylvania became an autonomous principality under Ottoman suzerainty, its political regime being similar to that of Wallachia and Moldavia. This status would account for enhanced economic and political relations among the Romanian Principalities, which were also favoured by the unity of language and, in a certain geographical area, by the common tradition and historical heritage.
The heaviest burden of Ottoman suzerainty was not political, but economic. At the end of the l6th century, the tribute was raised steadily and demands for goods of all kinds, i.e. sheep, grain, lumber supplied at a very low price, had no limits; Constantinople had become dependent on supplies from the Romanian Principalities.
An important stage in Romanian history was marked by the sway of Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul), between 1593-1601, who was the first to rule and control, for a short while, the three Romanian lands, i.e. Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia. Michael the Brave joined the Christian League i.e. Austria, Mantua, Ferrara, Spain, and won the battles of Calugareni and Giurgiu against the Turks (1595) - to regain the independence of his country. His seal, representing the united coats of arms of the three Romanian Countries, is a token to his intention to bring together, under one single rule, all the lands inhabited by Romanians. He would call himself prince of Wallachia, Transylvania and the whole of Moldavia. But the great powers - Austria, the Ottoman Empire, and Poland - did not favour such a policy, so that the union was short-lived. However, the idea of unification was kept alive and gave fresh impetus to the Romanians' struggle for the setting up of an independent national state.
In the peaceful moments of their history, when they were not forced to strive for their independence, Romanians bent towards culture and the works of art. Imposing princely palaces were built at Câmpulung-Muscel, Curtea de Arges and Târgoviste in Wallachia, at Suceava and Iasi in Moldavia, alongside a number of defence cities (Poienari, Cetatea Neamtului, Suceava, Chilia, Cetatea Alba etc.) and beautiful monasteries (Tismana, Cozia, Dealu, Curtea de Arges, Neamt, Putna, Voronet, Sucevita, and many others), whose artistic value has been acknowledged worldwide. The early 16th century (1508) in the Romanian Countries witnessed the use of print. Printing was to gain pride of place under the rules of Matei Basarab (1632-1654) in Wallachia, Vasile Lupu (1634-1652) in Moldavia, Serban Cantacuzino (1678-1688) and Constantin Brâncoveanu (1688-1714) in Wallachia. The last is well known for his beautiful residence at Mogosoaia, close to Bucharest and his tragic death in 1714, when he and his four sons where beheaded by the Turks. The religious and lay books printed by that time had a wide circulation throughout South-Eastern Europe and the Christian East.
The 18th century witnessed the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of the Russian and Austrian ones. The Eastern Question came to the core of European diplomatic debates. The Romanian Principalities experienced a period of political decline because of the foreign powers' involvement. In the wake of the Karlowitz Peace (1699), Transylvania fell under Austrian rule. The province remained nevertheless an autonomous principality.
In order to curb the process of liberation in the Romanian Principalities, but also due to quarrels with the Habsburgs and the Russians, the Ottomans appointed Phanariot princes at their helm (the name comes from the Istanbul Phanar district, from which the Turks used to recruit their dragomans, i.e. foreign ministers. With the help of these new princes - actually high Turkish officials-, the Empire hoped to preserve its control over Wallachia and Moldavia. At the same time, the Ottoman political and economic supervision increased, and so did corruption. Notwithstanding its own decisions, the Ottoman Empire started to make use of the Romanian territories as if they were its own imperial possessions. Thus, at the Passarowitz Peace talks (1718), the Turks ceded Oltenia to the Habsburg Empire, which held it until the conclusion of the Belgrade Peace (1739). In 1775, the Habsburgs received a similar "donation" - this time it was Bukovina, to be followed, in 1812, by Bessarabia - the territory between the Prut and the Dnestr which was annexed to Russia.
And yet, the Phanariot regime (set up in Moldavia and Wallachia in 1711 and 1716, respectively, and lasting until 1821) represented more than a curtailment of the two countries' autonomy rights, as some of those princes espoused a reforming policy close to enlightened despotism, in an endeavour to bring Romanian society in line with the new socio-economic trends of Europe. Important reforms were introduced, like the abolition of serfdom, or a series of legal and administrative changes. Concurrently with the Romanian cultural movement, the Phanariots would promote a neo-Greek style. Greek influence in the Church and cultural life expanded.
The dissolution of the medieval structures throughout the territory inhabited by Romanians (mid-18th century), and the huge economic and social changes had two major consequences, namely the development of new relationships, and the emergence of a new national consciousness, conducive to the setting up of the Romanian nation.
The national Renaissance in Transylvania was embodied by bishop Ioan Inocentiu Micu (Klein), a staunch fighter for the Transylvanian Romanians' emancipation irrelevant of confessional, social and ethnic differences. The works of important scholars like Constantin Cantacuzino and Dimitrie Cantemir were continued in Transylvania by a brilliant group of Romanian intellectuals like Gheorghe Sincai, Petru Maior, Samuil Micu and Ioan Budai Deleanu, who gathered together in what was called the Scoala Ardeleana (Transylvanian School) movement. The outstanding members of this group would disseminate, through their writings, the ideas of enlightenment circulating then in Europe. They did their best to stimulate the Romanians' national spirit, by advocating the use of Romanian language and history in schools. The national movement was backed by a social one, which culminated in the 1784 peasant uprising led by Horea, Closca and Crisan.
The counterpart of the Transylvanian uprising, the 1821 Wallachian revolution led by Tudor Vladimirescu, represents an important event in the Romanian people's struggle to assert its national rights. For several months, Wallachia focused the attention of international public opinion; the relationships between Moldavia, Wallachia and the Ottoman Empire underwent some changes in 1828 - 1829 which gave the Principalities broader autonomy. As the result of the Treaty of Adrianople (1829), a virtual Russian protectorate over the principalities was imposed, reducing the Ottoman suzerainty to a few legal formalities. The Russian protectorate, despite the promulgation of constitutions, increased the Romanians' resentment towards Russia. Liberal and Western-educated boyars demanded new political reforms and an end to foreign domination. As the Romanians' sense of self-awareness grew, and the formation process of the Romanian nation beyond political bounds acquired momentum, the social and national movements grew into a vast revolutionary process.
The 1848 revolution covered all of the Romanian geographical area but Bessarabia, stimulating national consciousness. Moldavians, Wallachians and Transylvanians represented by Mihail Kogalniceanu, Nicolae Balcescu, and Simion Barnutiu voiced their decision to do away with the old social and political structure, to break new ground for national unity. One of the targets of the 1848 revolution was to bring the Romanian people close to modernity. Unfortunately, Turkey and Russia joined forces in the effort to stifle it, and eventually succeeded. The revolutionary programme, however, lived on as a national yearning and hope. The Crimean War (1853-1856) and its aftermath brought the question of the Romanian Principalities to the forefront of European countries. Their future political status became a concern not only for the surrounding empires - Habsburg, Ottoman and Tsarist Russia - but also for other powers such as France, Prussia, and Britain. The problem was being discussed at international conferences and congresses. Meanwhile, the movement for national and political unity gained momentum.
The Paris Treaty (1856) stipulated that the Russian protectorate, strengthened in 1829 by the Adrianople Peace Treaty, be replaced by the collective guarantee of European states; it also stipulated the autonomy of the Romanian Principalities, which paved the way to the setting up of the modern Romanian state. In 1857, the assemblies of Moldavia and Wallachia voted to create a union of the two Principalities.
On January 24, 1859, the historic act of political unity between Moldavia and Wallachia under one single rule, that of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, turned a centuries-old dream into real fact. The age of the Union featured a vast and comprehensive reform programme relating to institutions, economy, and education. In 1862, Bucharest became the official capital of Romania. By initiating these changes on his own authority, Cuza asserted the de facto independence of Romania, as the united principalities were now known. But his authoritarian methods earned him many enemies who, in 1866, joined together and forced his abdication.
In February 1866, Cuza was obliged to renounce the throne in favour of the German Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. After confirmation, Carol went to Romania, called a convention in order to draft the constitution, and visited the sultan of Turkey who graciously received him. He took the title of prince Carol I, and had a long and contented reign. A wise man, Carol promoted a policy that strengthened his predecessor's achievements, and worked toward completing national unity. In 1866, a new modern liberal Constitution was drafted, which was inspired by the Belgian one.
In 1875, the re-opening of the Eastern Question dossier was a favourable moment for the modern Romanian state to reassert its independence. On May 9, 1877, the Assembly of Deputies, synthesising the aspirations of the Romanian people, proclaimed independence, with foreign minister Mihail Kogalniceanu making the decision known to the world. Romania's independence was further consolidated by the country's military involvement, alongside Russia and the Balkan peoples, in the anti-Ottoman war of 1877 - 1878. A Romanian army crossed the Danube and participated in the siege of Pleven and Vidin.
The San Stefano and Berlin treaties (1878) sanctioned the independence of Romania, later acknowledged by the European powers. These international documents re-established Romania's rights over Dobrudja, which was reunited with Romania. Once Turkish control had been removed, Romania was able to organise its state administration on a modern basis. On 14/26 March, 1881 , the parliament voted a new form of government, the kingdom, with ruling Prince Carol and his wife - Elisabeth of Wied -, being crowned King and Queen of Romania (10th/22nd May, 1881). The king was given a crown made of steel from a cannon seized at Pleven from the Turks. As an independent state, Romania started to foster an economic policy directed toward increasing production. Independent Romania furthered a policy which allowed it to play an important role in the concert of European nations.
The 1878-1914 period was crucial in the history of the Romanians. The economy expanded; politics polarised around two parties - conservative and liberal. In 1883, Romania joined the alliance with Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. One of the reasons for this choice can be related to its strained relations with Russia after the decision of the Tsarist government in 1878 to occupy Southern Bessarabia.
At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, Romania recorded an outstanding development of culture and science, which matched European standards. It was the time when great scientists like doctors Victor Babes, Gheorghe Marinescu and Constantin Levaditi, chemists Petru Poni and Constantin Istrati, mathematicians Spiru Haret and Traian Lalescu, historians Alexandru D. Xenopol, Dimitrie Onciul and Nicolae Iorga, and linguists Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, Alexandru Cihac, Lazar Saineanu, Sextil Puscariu, came to the fore.
With Romania being an independent kingdom, the hopes of all the Romanians who lived on territories which were still under foreign occupation, i.e. Bukovina, Bessarabia, and most of all Transylvania, turned to their fatherland. The policy of forced assimilation in the above-mentioned territories had terrible consequences. Transylvanian Romanians, who continued to be dominated by the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (set up in 1867, when the province was incorporated into the Hungarian Kingdom and lost its autonomy), intensified their national liberation movement. Toward the end of the 19th century (1892), they drafted a Memorandum addressed to Emperor Franz Joseph. This important document, known also to the European media, put forward the claims of the Romanians who lived in Austria-Hungary; it made a sharp criticism of the Hungarian government's policy. At that time, the National Romanian Party played an important part in defending the Romanian national identity.
The foundation of the Romanian national state was completed during the final episode of World War I, a period of social and national unrest in Central and Eastern Europe. King Carol I died in the fall of 1914, and his nephew, Ferdinand I, came to the throne. He was married to Queen Mary, a niece of Queen Victoria of England.
After a two years' period of neutrality, in 1916, Romania joined France, Britain, Russia and Italy in war, with a view to liberating the Romanians from under Austria-Hungary's rule. The Romanians, ill-prepared, marched into Transylvania; German, Austrian and Hungarian forces defeated them, then pushed through passes in the Carpathians onto the Wallachian plain. Meanwhile, German, Turkish and Bulgarian forces pushed into Dobrudja. Bucharest was besieged in December, but Romanian forces continued to hold out in Moldavia. The Romanians won victories at Marasesti, Marasti and Oituz in 1917, but this was to no consequence, as they were forced to sign the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, and cease war. Romania re-entered the war prior to the armistice in 1918 and the Allied victory.
In 1918, Romania's political unity, based on the principles of peoples' right to self-determination, was completed. On March 27, 1918, the Council of the Country (Sfatul Tarii) convened in Kishinew, and decided on the "unification of Bessarabia with Romania for now and all times". On November 28, 1918, the General Congress of Bukovina cast a unanimous vote for the "unconditioned and everlasting unification of Bukovina within its old borders up to Ceremus, Colacin and the Dnestr, with the kingdom of Romania". On the 1st of December, 1918, the great national assembly in Alba Iulia proclaimed the "unification of all Romanians from Transylvania, the Banat, Crisana and Maramures with Romania for all ages to come". Romanian forces in Transylvania drove into Hungary in 1919, after the communist forces there gained ground under Bela Kun, who, starting from early 1919, had launched an attack across the Tisza River against the Romanians. In 1919, the Romanians seized Budapest and occupied it for several months. The unification of all the lands inhabited by Romanians was mentioned in the Versailles peace treaties (1919-1920) after the First World War, and sanctioned by the crowning of King Ferdinand I and Queen Maria at Alba Iulia in the year 1922.
After 1918, Romania made important steps forward toward strengthening national state life, by enacting major reforms the universal ballot (1918), the land reform (1921) and the Constitution of 1923. Benefitting from large natural resources and boasting a constitutional regime based on a democratic system, the country recorded a strong upsurge of development. The depression of 1929-1933 caused social unrest and instability within the country and paved the way for Carol, King Ferdiand's son, who was in exile with Elena Lupescu, his mistress. He ascended the throne in 1930, as Carol II, and brought Elena along. A fascist movement was founded in 1927 by Corneliu Codreanu, who later renamed his followers the Iron Guard. The Iron Guard grew in strength during the 1930s, and King Carol had thousands of them imprisoned, and Codreanu shot. In 1938, King Carol II abolished the constitution and proclaimed a royal government. As far as foreign policy - as represented by the great Romanian diplomat Nicolae Titulescu - was concerned, it militated for European security, with Romania playing a major role within the Society of Nations at Geneva; it also masterminded regional alliances like the Little Entente (1921), comprising Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and the Balkan Entente (1934), including Romania, Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey.
In 1940, Romania underwent severe territorial losses Bessarabia and the northern part of Bukovina were snatched by the Soviet Union (June 26-28), northern Transylvania was annexed by Hungary under the Vienna Diktat (August), while Bulgaria seized the southern part of Dobrudja i.e. the Quadrilateral area (September). This was mainly due to the fact that Romania had strained relations with both the U.S.S.R. and Germany, which joined together in the Ribentropp-Molotov Pact (1939), establishing the spheres of influence in Central and Eastern Europe.
The serious crisis of 1940 led to the abdication of King Carol II in favour of his son, Mihai I (Michael of Romania). In the fall of 1940, a Nazi military mission entered Romania. This situation, together with the hope of regaining Bessarabia and the northern part of Bukovina, and the danger of Bolshevism, made the government (led by Ion Antonescu) decide to side with Germany, and declare war on the Soviet Union (June 22, 1941), and subsequently, on the U.S.A. and the U.K. Ion Antonescu became Romania's state leader. The military defeats after 1942 led to many attempts made by Antonescu's government and the democratic opposition to break Romania from the alliance with Germany.
As a result of a coup d'état supported by the major political parties and King Michael's personal involvement, on August 23, 1944, the Antonescu regime was overthrown. Romania turned arms against Germany and placed its whole military and economic capability at the service of the anti-fascist coalition. Romania took part in the war until the May 1945 victory. After having pushed the enemy out of the country, the Romanian army fought to liberate Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
The Paris Peace Treaty (1947), stating the 1940 Vienna Diktat null and void, made Romania re-establish its sovereign rights over Transylvania. But Bessarabia, northern Bukovina and the Herta area passed under Soviet occupation.
As the result of the military occupation and the agreements of I. V. Stalin and W. Churchill in Moscow (in the autumn of 1944), Romania fell into the Soviet sphere of influence, with communism becoming its governing system. The communists gradually increased their ranks in the government, with Soviet support. A pro-communist government headed by Petru Groza took over power. On June 1946, Marshal Ion Antonescu was executed. On December 30, 1947, King Michael I was compelled to abdicate; democratic opposition forces were brutally liquidated.
After 1948, Romania entered the network of Soviet satellite countries. Soviet-style nationalisation and collectivisation followed the communist take-over. Industrial entreprises, mines, banks and transport facilities became subject to a planned economy. In 1951, five year plans were introduced to develop industry and agriculture. But in the 1960s, under the leadership of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and his successor, Nicolae Ceausescu, the Communist Party of Romania began to implement a foreign policy independent of Soviet goals. Socialist state ownership and central planning fostered the rapid growth of heavy industry and forcibly turned Romania from an agrarian into an urban sociey. During the 1970s, Ceausescu attempted to modernise the Romanian economy further, by investing huge amounts of money borrowed from Western credit institutions. Due to his grandiose development projects, the Romanian people were submitted to a rigorous austerity programme in the 1980s since Ceausescu wanted to pay off the country's accumulated foreign debt within a short period. The standards of living plunged considerably as Romania exported much of its food and fuel production. The populace was controlled by the secret police (Securitate) and the government, dominated by Ceausescu's family, squandered much of the nation's remaining wealth on megalomaniac constructions and feasts. For nearly 25 years, Ceausescu's regime slowly dragged the Romanians into an economic, social and moral deadlock. All these years were dominated by lies, corruption, terror, violation of human rights, and isolation from the Western world. When communist regimes across Eastern Europe fell in 1989, Ceausescu resisted the trend and reassessed his unpopular policies. All these things and many more heightened popular discontent and triggered the forced overthrow of the dictatorial regime in December 1989. In mid-December of that year, however, antigovernment demonstrations erupted in the country's cities, and, when the Romanian army joined the uprising against him, Ceausescu fled. He was arrested by the new provisional government, tried and executed (December 25, 1989).
After the revolution, the National Salvation Front, led by Ion Iliescu, took partial multi-party democratic and free market measures. Several major political parties of the pre-war era were resurrected. After major political rallies, in April 1990, a sit-in protest contesting the results of the recently held parliamentary elections began in University Square, Bucharest, accusing the Front of being made up of former Communists and members of the Securitate. The protesters called the election undemocratic and asked for the exclusion from political life of former high-ranking Communist Party members, like Iliescu and the National Salvation Front. The protest rapidly grew to become, what president Iliescu called the Golaniad. The peaceful demonstrations degenerated into violence, prompting the intervention of coal miners, summoned by Iliescu in June 1990, from the Jiu Valley. This episode has been documented widely by both local and foreign media, and is remembered as the June 1990 Mineriad.
The subsequent disintegration of the Front produced several political parties including the Social Democratic Party, the Democratic Party and the Alliance for Romania. The former governed Romania from 1990 until 1996 through several coalitions and governments with Ion Iliescu as head of state. Since then there have been a few democratic changes of government: in 1996 the democratic-liberal opposition and its leader Emil Constantinescu acceded to power; in 2000 the Social Democrats returned to power, with Iliescu once again president; and in 2004 Traian Băsescu was elected president, with an electoral coalition called Justice and Truth Alliance. Băsescu was narrowly re-elected in 2009.
Post–Cold War Romania developed closer ties with Western Europe, eventually joining NATO in 2004, and hosting the 2008 summit in Bucharest. The country applied in June 1993 for membership in the European Union and became an Associated State of the EU in 1995, an Acceding Country in 2004, and a member on 1 January 2007. Following the free travel agreement and politics of the post–Cold War period, as well as hardship of the life in the 1990s economic depression, Romania has an increasingly large diaspora, estimated at over 2 million people. The main emigration targets are Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, UK, Canada and the USA.
During the 2000s, Romania enjoyed one of the highest economic growth rates in Europe and has been referred to as "the Tiger of Eastern Europe." This has been accompanied by a significant improvement in human development. The country has been successful in reducing internal poverty and establishing a functional democracy. However, Romania's development suffered a major setback during the late-2000s recession as a large gross domestic product contraction and a large budget deficit in 2009 led to Romania borrowing heavily, eventually becoming the largest debitor to the International Monetary Fund in 2010. Romania still faces issues related to infrastructure, medical services, education, and corruption.
Hobbies: Flirting with Sadiq Sexual encounters with Sadiq Sword Fight Practice
Pottery Random Quirks: Well, she does have this strange tendency to grow long canines as well as need to drink blood…
Roleplay Sample: Roleplayer: Texy/Romy
Password: Admin Removal
______________________________________
|
|